To understand what the agoge was and its importance to ancient Spartan society, one must first understand the nature of a society that would create such an institution.
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Once Spartan boys completed their training in the agoge, they had to serve the state in all military campaigns but were also free to marry, start families, and own land. The agoge taught Spartan boys the values of conformity and unity, courage, patriotism, martial prowess, guile, and brutality.
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Along with physical education and standard academic curriculum, the agoge was critical to teach boys how to think and act like proper Spartans who would be willing at any time to die for the state.
The agoge was the extreme form of education that all Spartan boys embarked on at the age of seven and continued until they reached thirty or died. The secret behind the Spartans’ martial success was their unique form of education known as the agoge. Despite being outnumbered, the Spartans usually won the day and were vital to the Hellenic League’s victory in the Persian Wars (499-479 BC). Films such as 300 routinely show the Spartans as the best trained, bravest, and most capable of all the Greeks, and for the most part, until the Spartans lost in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, that idea was not far from reality.
The idea of ancient Spartan heroism has been depicted so often in modern fiction that scholars have coined the term “Spartan Mirage” to refer to what they see as an exaggerated idealization of ancient Spartan culture that borders on mythologization. Map Showing Sparta’s Location in the Peloponnesian Peninsula
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